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O X F O R D L I B R A R Y O F P S Y C H O L O G Y The Oxford Handbook of HYPNOSIS Barnier EDITED BY MICHAEL R. The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis is the successor to Fromm and Nash’s Contemporary Hypnosis Research (Guilford Press), which has long been NASH regarded as the field’s authoritative scholarly reference for practitioners and T researchers alike. With 31 original chapters this new book is a comprehensive AMANDA J. h treatment of where the field has been, where it stands today and its future BARNIER directions. The world’s leading scholars masterfully track the latest developments e in theory and research. These chapters are thoughtful, lucid, and provocative. O Clinical chapters then comprehensively describe how hypnosis is best used with H patients across a broad spectrum of disorders and applied settings. Authored by x internationally renowned practitioners these contributions are richly illustrated f Y o with case examples and session transcripts. Unparalleled in breadth and quality, this book is the definitive reference for students, researchers, clinicians, and r P d anyone wanting to understand the science and practice of hypnosis. The only reference you’ll need for years to come. N H • An exhaustive review of the science and practice of hypnosis Oa • A successor to the classic text by Fromm and Nash n S • Features contributions from leading figures in the field d I b S o Contributors o Elgan L Baker, Arreed F Barabasz, Marianne Barabasz, Joseph Barber, k Amanda J Barnier, Dominic Beaulieu-Prévost, Grant Benham, Jeffrey J Borckardt, Richard A Bryant, Nicholas A Covino, Rochelle E Cox, o Zoltan Dienes, Thibault du Chéné, Gary Elkins, Michael N Hallquist, f Michael Heap, Mark P Jensen, John F Kihlstrom, Irving Kirsch, Linn LaClave, Ann Lagges, Stephen Lankton, Jean-Roch Laurence, Steven Jay Lynn, Kevin M McConkey, Chris J Mitchell, Franny C Moene, Mark Moore, William P Morgan, Michael R Nash, David A Oakley, David R Patterson, Mary-Jo Peebles, Nicole A Pérez, Michelle Perfect, Karin Roelofs, Pamela Sadler, The Oxford Handbook of Eric L Scott, David Spiegel, Aaron J Stegner, Anthony F Tasso, Eric Z Woody, Michael D Yapko, Jarred Younger HYPNOSIS Cover image: © iStockphoto.com/Ugur Evirgen ISBN 978-0-19-964580-0 2 Theory, Research, and Practice 9 780199 645800 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page i The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis Theory, Research and Practice 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page ii The Oxford Handbooks series is a major initiative in academic publishing.Each volume offers an authoritative and state-of-the-art survey of current thinking and research in a particular subject area.Specially commissioned essays from leading international figures in the discipline give critical examinations of the progress and direction of debates.Oxford Handbooks provide scholars and graduate students with compelling new perspectives upon a wide range ofsubjects in psychology. Mike Nashis one the world’s leading experts on hypnosis.He is a prolific researcher and clinical edu- cator,who also maintains an active clinical practice.He is Professor ofPsychology at the University of Tennessee,and is Editor Emeritus of The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,the world’s premiere venue for scientific and applied hypnosis.He received his Ph.D.from Ohio University in 1983 and completed his clinical internship at Yale University School ofMedicine Department ofPsychiatry in the same year.He has published two books,one on the research foun- dations ofhypnosis and another on integrating hypnosis into clinical practice.He is a Diplomat in Clinical Psychology (ABPP),and is the recipient of 18 national and international awards for his scientific,clinical and teaching accomplishments. Amanda Barnier is an Associate Professor and Australian Research Council (ARC) Australian Research Fellow in the Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.Amanda began her career in Psychology at Macquarie University,graduating in 1991 with a BA (Hons).She completed a PhD in Psychology (1996) at the University of New South Wales (UNSW),and postdoctoral work at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley.Amanda then returned to Australia and UNSW as an ARC Postdoctoral Fellow and later as an ARC Queen Elizabeth II Fellow. She returned to Macquarie University in 2007. 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page iii The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis Theory, Research and Practice Edited by Michael R. Nash Psychology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Amanda J. Barnier Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia 1 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page iv 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Oxford University Press, 2008 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2008 First published in paperback 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset in Minion by Cepha Imaging Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Ashford Colour Press, Gosport, Hampshire ISBN 978–0–19–857009–7 ISBN 978–0–19–964580–0 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page v Contents Contributors vii 1. Introduction: a roadmap for explanation, a working definition 1 Amanda J. Barnier and Michael R. Nash SECTION I: Domain of hypnosis 2.The domain of hypnosis, revisited 21 John F. Kihlstrom 3.Generations and landscapes of hypnosis: questions we’ve asked, questions we should ask 53 Kevin M. McConkey SECTION II: Theoretical perspectives 4.Dissociation theories of hypnosis 81 Erik Z. Woody and Pamela Sadler 5.Social cognitive theories of hypnosis 111 Steven Jay Lynn, Irving Kirsch and Michael N. Hallquist 6.How hypnosis happens: new cognitive theories of hypnotic responding 141 Amanda J. Barnier, Zoltan Dienes and Chris J. Mitchell 7. Intelligent design or designed intelligence? Hypnotizability as neurobiological adaptation 179 David Spiegel 8.A psychoanalytic theory of hypnosis: a clinically informed approach 201 Michael R. Nash SECTION III: Contemporary research 9.Measuring and understanding individual differences in hypnotizability 225 Jean-Roch Laurence, Dominic Beaulieu-Prévost and Thibault du Chéné 10.Hypnosis scales for the twenty-first century: what do we need and how should we use them? 255 Erik Z. Woody and Amanda J. Barnier 11.Parsing everyday suggestibility: what does it tell us about hypnosis? 283 Anthony F. Tasso and Nicole A. Pérez 12.Advances in hypnosis research: methods, designs and contributions of intrinsic and instrumental hypnosis 311 Rochelle E. Cox and Richard A. Bryant 13.Hypnosis and the brain 337 Arreed F. Barabasz and Marianne Barabasz 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page vi vi · Contents 14.Hypnosis, trance and suggestion: evidence from neuroimaging 365 David A. Oakley 15.Hypnosis and mind–body interactions 393 Grant Benham and Jarred Younger SECTION IV: Clinical hypnosis: treatment and consultation A. Models of clinical intervention 16.Psychoanalytic approaches to clinical hypnosis 439 Elgan L. Baker and Michael R. Nash 17. Reclaiming the cognitive unconscious: integrating hypnotic methods and cognitive-behavioral therapy 457 Joseph Barber 18.An Ericksonian approach to clinical hypnosis 467 Stephen Lankton B. Methods of clinical intervention: techniques and cases 19.Foundations of clinical hypnosis 487 Michael R. Nash 20.Hypnosis in the relief of pain and pain disorders 503 Mark P. Jensen and David R. Patterson 21.Hypnosis and anxiety: early interventions 535 Richard A. Bryant 22.Hypnotic approaches to treating depression 549 Michael D. Yapko 23.Hypnosis for health-compromising behaviors 569 Gary Elkins and Michelle Perfect 24.Treating children using hypnosis 593 Eric L. Scott, Ann Lagges and Linn LaClave 25.Medical illnesses, conditions and procedures 611 Nicholas A. Covino 26.Hypnosis in the treatment of conversion and somatization disorders 625 Franny C. Moene and Karin Roelofs 27. Trauma-related disorders and dissociation 647 Mary Jo Peebles 28. Hypnosis in sport: cases, techniques and issues 681 William P. Morgan and Aaron J. Stegner C. Evidence base of clinical intervention and consultation 29.Clinical hypnosis: the empirical evidence 697 Mark Moore and Anthony F. Tasso 30.Making a contribution to the clinical literature: time-series designs 727 Jeffrey J. Borckardt and Michael R. Nash 31.Hypnosis in the courts 745 Michael Heap Name Index 767 Subject Index 779 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page vii Contributors Elgan L.Baker,PhD Nicholas A.Covino,PsyD Indiana University Massachusetts School ofProfessional Psychology Indianapolis,IN,USA Boston,MA,USA [email protected] [email protected] Arreed F.Barabasz,PhD Rochelle E.Cox,PhD Washington State University Macquarie University Pullman,WA,USA Sydney,NSW,Australia [email protected] [email protected] Marianne Barabasz,PhD Zoltan Dienes,PhD Washington State University University ofSussex Pullman,WA,USA Brighton,UK [email protected] [email protected] Joseph Barber,PhD Thibault du Chéné,BA University ofWashington Concordia University Seattle,WA,USA Montreal,Quebec,Canada [email protected] [email protected] Amanda J.Barnier,PhD Gary Elkins,PhD Macquarie University Baylor University Sydney,NSW,Australia Waco,TX,USA [email protected] [email protected] Dominic Beaulieu-Prévost,PhD Michael N.Hallquist,MS Concordia University State University ofNew York–Binghamton Montreal,Quebec,Canada Binghamton,NY,USA [email protected] [email protected] Grant Benham,PhD Michael Heap,PhD University ofTexas–Pan American Wathwood Hospital Edinburg,TX,USA Rotherham,UK [email protected] m.heap@sheffield.ac.uk Jeffrey J.Borckardt,PhD Mark P.Jensen,PhD Medical University ofSouth Carolina University ofWashington Charleston,SC,USA Seattle,WA,USA [email protected] [email protected] Richard A.Bryant,PhD John F.Kihlstrom,PhD University ofNew South Wales University ofCalifornia,Berkeley Sydney,NSW,Australia Berkeley,CA,USA [email protected] [email protected] 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page viii viii · Contributors Irving Kirsch,PhD Michael R.Nash,PhD University ofHull University ofTennessee Hull,UK Knoxville,TN,USA [email protected] [email protected] Linn LaClave,PhD David A.Oakley,PhD Indiana University University College London / CardiffUniversity Indianapolis,IN,USA London / Cardiff,UK [email protected] [email protected] Ann Lagges,PhD David R.Patterson,PhD Indiana University University ofWashington Indianapolis,IN,USA Seattle,WA,USA [email protected] [email protected] Stephen Lankton,MSW Mary Jo Peebles,PhD Arizona State University Bethesda,MD,USA Phoenix,AZ,USA [email protected] [email protected] Nicole A.Pérez,MA Jean-Roch Laurence,PhD University ofTennessee Concordia University Knoxville,TN,USA Montreal,Quebec,Canada [email protected] [email protected] Michelle Perfect,PhD Steven Jay Lynn,PhD University ofArizona State University ofNew York–Binghamton Tucson,AZ,USA Binghamton,NY,USA [email protected] [email protected] Karin Roelofs,PhD Kevin M.McConkey,PhD University ofLeiden The University ofNewcastle Leiden,The Netherlands Newcastle,NSW,Australia [email protected] [email protected] Pamela Sadler,PhD Chris J.Mitchell,PhD Wilfrid Laurier University University ofNew South Wales Waterloo,Ontario,Canada Sydney,NSW,Australia [email protected] [email protected] Eric L.Scott,PhD Franny C.Moene,PhD Indiana University De Grote Rivieren,Organization for Indianapolis,IN,USA Mental Health [email protected] Dordrecht,The Netherlands David Spiegel,MD [email protected] Stanford University Mark Moore,PhD Palo Alto,CA,USA Joan Karnell Cancer Centre at [email protected] Pennsylvania Hospital Aaron J.Stegner,PhD Philadelphia,PA,USA University ofWisconsin–Madison [email protected] Madison,WI,USA William P.Morgan,EdD [email protected] University ofWisconsin–Madison Madison,WI,USA [email protected] 00-Nash-Prelims 11/3/11 2:44 PM Page ix Contributors · ix Anthony F.Tasso,PhD Michael D.Yapko,PhD Fairleigh Dickinson University Fallbrook,CA,USA Madison,NJ,USA [email protected] [email protected] Jarred Younger,PhD Erik Z.Woody,PhD Stanford University University ofWaterloo Palo Alto,CA,USA Waterloo,Ontario,Canada [email protected] [email protected]